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In automated scientific fact-checking, machine learning models are trained to verify scientific claims given evidence. A major bottleneck of this task is the availability of large-scale training datasets on different domains, due to the required domain expertise for data annotation. However, multiple-choice question-answering datasets are readily available across many different domains, thanks to the modern online education and assessment systems. As one of the first steps towards addressing the fact-checking dataset scarcity problem in scientific domains, we propose a pipeline for automatically converting multiple-choice questions into fact-checking data, which we call Multi2Claim. By applying the proposed pipeline, we generated two large-scale datasets for scientific-fact-checking: Med-Fact and Gsci-Fact for the medical and general science domains, respectively. These two datasets are among the first examples of large-scale scientific-fact-checking datasets. We developed baseline models for the verdict prediction task using each dataset. Additionally, we demonstrated that the datasets could be used to improve performance measured by weighted F1 on existing fact-checking datasets such as SciFact, HEALTHVER, COVID-Fact, and CLIMATE-FEVER. In some cases, the improvement in performance was up to a 26% increase. The generated datasets are publicly available. © 2023 Association for Computational Linguistics.
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Nowadays, the social dimension of product sustainability is increasingly in demand, however, industrial designers struggle to pursue it much more than the environmental or economic one due to their unfamiliarity in correlating design choices with social impacts. In addition, this gap is not filled even by the supporting methods that have been conceived to only support specific areas of application. To fill this gap, this study proposed a method to support social failure mode and effect analysis (SFMEA), though the automatic failure determination, based on the use of a chatbot (i.e., an artificial intelligence (AI)-based chat). The method consists of 84 specific questions to ask the chatbot, resulting from the combination of known failures and social failures, elements from design theories, and syntactic structures. The starting hypothesis to be verified is that a GPT Chat (i.e., a common AI-based chat), properly queried, can provide all the main elements for the automatic compilation of a SFMEA (i.e., to determine the social failures). To do this, the proposed questions were tested in three case studies to extract all the failures and elements that express predefined SFMEA scenarios: a coffee cup provoking gender discrimination, a COVID mask denying a human right, and a thermometer undermining the cultural heritage of a community. The obtained results confirmed the starting hypothesis by showing the strengths and weaknesses of the obtained answers in relation to the following factors: the number and type of inputs (i.e., the failures) provided in the questions;the lexicon used in the question, favoring the use of technical terms derived from design theories and social sustainability taxonomies;the type of the problem. Through this test, the proposed method proved its ability to support the social sustainable design of different products and in different ways. However, a dutiful recommendation instead concerns the tool (i.e., the chatbot) due to its filters that limit some answers in which the designer tries to voluntarily hypothesize failures to explore their social consequences.
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The New Zealand Institute of Environmental Health (NZIEH) is a nongovernmental institute for all environmental health professionals in New Zealand. In 2021, NZIEH held its annual conference as an online virtual event for the first time. One inclusion to the program was an evolving outbreak scenario delivered in installments including "injects" of information (i.e., inserts of information relevant to the scenario) that mimic the evolution of a real-life epidemiological outbreak investigation. Questions were posed to attendees related to each added information inject. The scenario also included discussion in virtual breakout rooms that allowed attendees to network and reach consensus before responding to questions;discussions were also initiated by the scenario facilitators. Details of the scenario, its aims, evaluation of success, and limitations of this approach are discussed.
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PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the adoption barriers of Industry 4.0 in the Indonesian manufacturing supply chains.Design/methodology/approachThe mixed method was deployed to validate the findings. First, the qualitative study was conducted based on the interviews. Then, the companies were approached using filter questions on the involvement in adopting industry 4.0 and its impact on the supply chain.FindingsBased on the qualitative study, nine main barriers were found in the thematic analysis. Thus, to get a consensus on the barriers in the industry, the barrier indicators were tested using a structural equation model retrieved from 173 small and medium Indonesian manufacturing firms. Results indicate that five main barriers (e.g. unclear Industry 4.0 policy, higher-risk investment, insecure data sharing, lack of expertise and lack of incentive) are confirmed as the adoption barriers.Practical implicationsThe successful adoption of supply chain integration with Industry 4.0 technology can strengthen the manufacturing sector and competitiveness. Therefore, this study can be a complimentary assessment to evaluate the Indonesia Industry 4.0 Readiness Index (INDI 4.0) and the effectiveness of the government support program.Originality/valueThe results can be used as the framework to foresee the successful implementation of smart manufacturing supply chain management and its integration. Therefore, the authors proposed the framework to foresee the successful implementation of smart manufacturing, supply chain management and integration.
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The present study is related to the problem associated with student assessment with online examinations at higher educational institutes (HEIs). With the current COVID-19 outbreak, the majority of educational institutes are conducting online examinations to assess their students, where there would always be a chance that the students go for malpractice. It is difficult to set a question paper for any technical course with great novelty. Under these circumstances, safeguarding academic integrity has become a challenge for HEIs. This study is aimed at improving the quality of questions for online exams to increase the accountability of HEIs by proper evaluation of their students. A detailed procedure with suggestions for setting the questions for technical courses, in the format of assertion and reason, matching, multiple select types, etc., has been discussed with adequate examples. It deals with a strategy for ensuring that all the students are held to the standards that are reflected in their grades. The proposed evaluation method has been implemented on a test batch and presented the results along with a comparison with that of traditional question papers. It is witnessed that there is a simultaneous enhancement of students'learning as an additional benefit of implementing the proposed learning-oriented assessment method. IEEE
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The COVID-19 pandemic introduced new challenges with subsequent opportunities to teach innovative ways of team collaboration. One example is the utilisation of social media to foster online team collaboration. This study investigates the use of Discord by students, a social media platform originally developed for online gamers, to collaborate virtually to complete project team tasks. The research question – what role a social media tool, namely Discord, plays in fostering team collaboration – was investigated using a qualitative, interpretative approach. Topic modeling identified ten themes, with the most vital theme indicating that students initially used Discord due to the academic requirement but later extensively used the platform because of its convenience and usefulness. Most students continued to use Discord even after completing their studies. While the main reason for adopting the tool was convenience due to peers using the platform, it became a logical and practical platform to communicate with friends, work on completing tasks together, and as a result, create a strong sense of belonging. © (2022) by Association for Information Systems (AIS) All rights reserved.
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PrefaceThe International Association for Relativistic Dynamics was organized in February 1998 in Houston, Texas, with John R. Fanchi as president. Although the subject of relativistic dynamics has been explored, from both classical and quantum mechanical points of view, since the work of Einstein and Dirac, its most striking development has been in the framework of quantum field theory. The very accurate calculations of spectral and scattering properties, for example, of the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron and the Lamb shift in quantum electrodynamics, and many qualitative features of the strong and electroweak interactions, demonstrate the very great power of description achieved in this framework. Yet, many fundamental questions remain to be clarified, such as the structure of classical relativistic dynamical theories on the level of Hamilton and Lagrange in Minkowski space as well as on the curved manifolds of general relativity. There, moreover, remain the important questions of the covariant classical description of systems at high energy for which particle production effects are not large, such as discussed in Synge's book, The Relativistic Gas, and in Balescu's book on relativistic statistical mechanics, and the development of a consistent single and many body relativistic quantum theory. In recent years, highly accurate telescopes and advanced facilities for computation have brought a high level of interest in cosmological problems, such as the structure of galaxies (dark matter) and the apparently anomalous expansion of the universe (dark energy). Some of the papers reported here deal with these problems, as well as other fundamental related issues.It was for this purpose, to bring together researchers from a wide variety of fields, such as particle physics, astrophysics, cosmology, foundations of relativity theory, and mathematical physics, with a common interest in relativistic dynamics, to investigate fundamental questions of this type, that this Association was founded. The second meeting took place in 2000 at Bar Ilan University in Israel, the third, in 2002, at Howard University in Washington, D.C., and the fourth, in 2004, in Saas Fee, Switzerland. Subsequent meeting took place in 2006 at the University of Connecticut Storrs, in 2008 at Aristotle University of Thessalonica, in 2010 at National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan, in 2012 at the Galileo Galilei Institute for Theoretical Physics (GGI) in Florence, in 2014 as the University of Connecticut Storrs, Connecticut, in 2016 at Jožef Stefan Institute in Ljubljana, Slovenia, and in 2018 in Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico, under the sponsorship of the Instituto Politécnic Nacional. The 2020 meeting, planned for Czech Technical University in Prague, was successfully held online at the height of the Covid-19 pandemic, and the physical meeting in Prague was delayed to 2022.The 2022 meeting forms the basis for the Proceedings that are recorded in this issue of the Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Along with the work of some of the founding and newer but already much engaged members of the Association, we were fortunate to have lecturers from application areas that provided strong challenges for further developments in quantum field theory, cosmological problems, and in the dynamics of systems subject to accelerations and the effects of general relativity. Topics treated in this issue include studies in general relativity and astrophysics, relativistic dynamics and electrodynamics, quantum theory and particles, and foundations of relativistic dynamics.This first physical meeting of the Covid-19 era took place 6 - 9 June at Czech Technical University in Prague, as originally planned for 2020. The meeting was divided into seven plenary sessions over four days. As a result of continued travel restrictions in some areas, a small number of talks were delivered by videoconferencing. The papers presented in this volume represent extensions and refinements to the conference talks, building on feedback and discussions associated with the lect re . We once again express our gratitude to Czech Technical University, and especially the local conference chair Petr Jizba, for their generous hospitality.List of Scientific Advisory Committee, International Organizing Committee and Editorial Board of the proceedings, Dedication are available in this Pdf.
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Introduction: Multiple-choice assessments are the instrument widely used in science to assess students, how-ever, the recent pandemic required adapting this type of instrument to the virtual environment. This context required evaluating the quality of the instruments through discrimination indices, internal consistency and relating it to academic performance. Objective: Evaluate the evaluation instruments used in online mode during the COVID-19 pandemic and the performance of students in health sciences. Method: The revision of the 5 instruments of the Structure and Function subject formed by 290 banks of random questions was carried out to evaluate each content in first-year students during 2020 in the school of health sciences at the Viña del Mar University. The data obtained from the virtual platform and the indices of discrimination, facility, discriminative efficiency, internal consistency and academic performance were interpreted through a report that was shared with the teachers to identify the parame-ters of quality and validity. Results: Of the total number of question banks evaluated, 70.2% of the questions presented adequate discrimination and only 5.6% should be eliminated. Contest two obtained the lowest average performance 3.9 ± 0.99, however, it presented the highest internal consistency 81%. When comparing all the instruments, a gradual im-provement in the formulation was observed, reflected in the final exam, in which the academic performance also agrees with the average of the semester 4.2 ± 0.92. Conclusions: Academic performance must be weighed in relation to the quality of the formulated instrument, in which, at a lower ease index, there is greater internal consistency, represented by the greater discriminative efficiency of the questions. The design and formulation process must take care of and examine these guidelines to safeguard quality criteria. © 2023, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. All rights reserved.
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As people increasingly communicate via live video-even more since the COVID-19 pandemic-how willing will they be to participate via video in large-scale standardized surveys that inform public policy, many of which have historically been carried out in-person? This registered report tests three potential predictors of willingness to participate in a live video interview: How (a) easy, (b) useful, and (c) enjoyable respondents find live video to use in other contexts. A potential survey-specific moderator of these effects is also tested: The extent to which respondents report that they would be uncomfortable answering a particular question on a sensitive topic via live video relative to other survey modes. In the study, 598 online U.S. respondents rated their willingness to take part in a hypothetical live video survey that might ask about personal information, in the context of also rating their willingness to take part in four other survey modes, two interviewer-administered (in-person and telephone) and two self-administered (a text-only web survey and a "prerecorded video" web survey in which respondents play videos of interviewers reading questions and then enter answers). Findings demonstrate that willingness to participate in a live video interview is significantly predicted by the extent to which respondents perceive live video as useful and enjoyable in other contexts and by their relative discomfort disclosing in live video versus other modes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
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Significant conceptual and empirical evidence has been found through qualitative research about the benefits, limitations, and uses of individual interviews. However, there is scant research illustrating how researchers use specific techniques that center participants' intersecting identities to build rapport, trust, and authentic connections during individual interviews, and especially during interviews with Black women. We illustrate how we used eight empirically grounded techniques in our qualitative individual interviews with Black women. Through our analysis of the interviews, the concept of safety emerged. "This person is safe" reflects the combined stories the women reported regarding their experiences engaging in individual interviews. In this article, we provide a brief background on individual interviewing in qualitative research, followed by the framing of our work. Thereafter, we provide context about the exemplar study, outline techniques shown to be effective in the literature, and provide examples from the exemplar study to show how each technique was used. Further research is needed to examine how researchers use various techniques in qualitative individual interviews in general, but with Black women more specifically.
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This article attempts to answer the followed research question: how did the restaurants innovate their business model in order to adapt it to the COVID crisis?. A study of two cases shows that the activities, the resources and skills, the revenue model, and the beneficiaries have been transformed even sometimes reinforced in order to keep the business on. In the two cases, the inner resources were mobilised and the offer was changed. As regards the suppliers, their profiles have been changed because of the take away offer which pushed the restauranteurs to have new recipients and new materials in order to adapt their offer. © 2022, Academic Conferences and Publishing International Limited. All right reserved.
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Contemporary shopping is experiencing rapid changes with the increasing ubiquity of technologies that can be utilised to create seamless omni-channel experiences. These changes have logistics-related implications for end-consumers. Adopting Bowersox (1978)'s [Logistics management. New York: Macmillan] categorisation of logistics activities, this study comprises a synthesised review of scattered consumer logistics literature to bring order and structure to this evolving research field. It is found that an omni-channel shopping environment enables the dynamic transfer of logistics activities between business operators and consumers;However, this interaction does not extend to the post-shopping last-mile context. Instead, last-mile logistics is characterised by a somewhat rigid extension/shift of logistics obligations to/from consumers. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has given rise to a self-service and technology-dependence trend in consumer logistics, leading to the more active control of logistics activities by consumers. Four propositions along with a unified framework are proposed, based on which a list of future research questions is suggested. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Transport Reviews is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
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The COVID 19 black swan event has disrupted every aspect of life in unprecedented ways, causing organizations to scramble to effectively sense and respond to the tumultuous business environment. Business intelligence and analytics (BI&A) capability has gained attention as a key weapon in the arsenal needed to combat turbulent times and to adjust to the post-pandemic new normal. Post-pandemic BI&A trends point to changes in organizational priorities for BI&A infrastructure that influence the traditional view of BI&A architecture and its role within an organization. As a result, new challenges and opportunities are emerging. This paper identifies and examines twelve key post-pandemic BI&A trends from industry practice and six major research themes. It also proposes an initial set of research questions that could inspire future research in BI&A in the post-pandemic new normal. © 2022 IEEE Computer Society. All rights reserved.
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Airborne transmission via aerosol particles without close human contact is a possible source of infection with airborne viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 or influenza. Reducing this indirect infection risk, which is mostly present indoors, requires wearing adequate respiratory masks, the inactivation of the viruses with radiation or electric charges, filtering of the room air, or supplying ambient air by means of ventilation systems or open windows. For rooms without heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, mobile air cleaners are a possibility for filtering out aerosol particles and therefore lowering the probability of indirect infections. The main questions are as follows: (1) How effectively do mobile air cleaners filter the air in a room? (2) What are the parameters that influence this efficiency? (3) Are there room situations that completely prevent the air cleaner from filtering the air? (4) Does the air cleaner flow make the stay in the room uncomfortable? To answer these questions, particle imaging methods were employed. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to determine the flow field in the proximity of the air cleaner inlet and outlet to assess regions of unpleasant air movements. The filtering efficiency was quantified by means of particle image counting as a measure for the particle concentration at multiple locations in the room simultaneously. Moreover, different room occupancies and room geometries were investigated. Our results confirm that mobile air cleaners are suitable devices for reducing the viral load indoors. Elongated room geometries, e.g., hallways, lead to a reduced filtering efficiency, which needs to be compensated by increasing the volume flow rate of the device or by deploying multiple smaller devices. As compared to an empty room, a room occupied with desks, desk separation walls, and people does not change the filtering efficiency significantly, i.e., the change was less than 10%. Finally, the flow induced by the investigated mobile air cleaner does not reach uncomfortable levels, as by defined room comfort standards under these conditions, while at the same time reaching air exchange rates above 6, a value which is recommended for potentially infectious environments.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the Perceptions of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) questionnaire and the Information System Success Questionnaire on students when using the school's COVID-19 epidemic prevention website. The study is aimed toward analyzing both questionnaires as well as evaluating an epidemic prevention website.Design/methodology/approachThe school's COVID-19 prevention website and two questionnaires (Perceptions of COVID-19 and the Information System Success Questionnaire) are examined in order to investigate 73 students' COVID-19 perceptions. An open-ended question was used as the qualitative data to support quantitative data and evaluate a university's COVID-19 epidemic prevention website from a southern university in Taiwan.FindingsThe findings indicated that most students evaluated the school's COVID-19 website positively and were satisfied. In the open-ended questions, the majority of students rated the quality of the system positively and the need to fix some defects. Students have different COVID-19 perceptions and social distance compliance based on their current situations.Practical implicationsThis study provides researchers and website developers a broader understanding of the construction of the school's COVID-19 prevention website and a better understanding of student's COVID-19 perceptions.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study examining a school's epidemic prevention website, which is measured by the Information Success Questionnaire and the Perceptions of COVID-19 Questionnaire for college students.
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As part of the large-scale ‘COVID-19, Building Back Better'-project, primary school (grade 0-6) stakeholders (students (N = 2.427), parents (N = 153), school staff (N = 176) and school leaders (N = 14)) answered the open-ended survey-question: ‘What have you learned during the COVID-19 pandemic that could be used to make school and teaching better in the future?'. The responses are inductively organised. The analysis points at several learning potentials from COVID-19 and suggests different politically and ethically feasible focus points for quality teaching and education after COVID-19 (e.g. more efficient teaching/worktime, a focus on students' and school staff's well-being in school, outdoor teaching/outdoor time, movement in teaching, online teaching, new and creative teaching methods, clear and simple structure, shorter school days, no parents at school, improved school-home collaboration and information/communication from school). We discuss the feasibility of implementing the suggestions and argue for cooperative procedures paying attention to contradicting perceptions when reimagining education in the future. © 2023 ASPE.
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The study investigated the impact of VBI on student grammar comprehension. The purpose of the study was to examine the effectiveness of VBI in enhancing students' grammar comprehension as well as the students' perspectives on using VBI in the classroom. This study employed a quantitative pre-experimental one-group pre-Test and post-Test research design. A pre-Test, post-Test, and questionnaire were used to answer the research questions. It was conducted at one university in Indonesia, with the participation of forty students. The result showed that VBI could enhance students' grammar comprehension as the post-Test score of the students was higher than their pre-Test score. It indicated that the video-based instruction provided students with quality instruction. Moreover, four students' perspectives after VBI implementation were presented. First, the VBI provided was informative that it assisted them to comprehend the grammar materials. Second, VBI was easy to be accessed at any time and from anywhere. Third, VBI given was interesting material. The final point was that VBI met the video quality expectations. To sum up, this learning media effectively improves the students' grammar comprehension. © 2022 ACM.
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Provisioning of health services such as care, monitoring, and remote surgery is being improved thanks to fifth-generation cellular technology (5G). As 5G expands globally, more smart healthcare applications have been developed due to its extensive eMBB (Enhanced Mobile Broadband) and URLLC (Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications) features that can be used to generate healthcare systems that allow minimizing the face-to-face assistance of patients at hospital centers. This powerful network provides high transmission speeds, ultra-low latency, and a network capacity greater than that of 4G. Fifth-generation cellular technology is expected to be a means to provide excellent quality of medical care, through its technological provision to the use of IoMT (Internet of Medical Things) devices. Due to the numerous contributions in research on this topic, it is necessary to develop a review that provides an orderly perspective on research trends and niches for researchers to use as a starting point for their work. In this context, this article presents a systematic review based on PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), with article selection based on inclusion and exclusion criteria that avoid bias. This research was based on research questions that were answered from the included works. These questions focus on technical characteristics, health benefits, and security protocols necessary for the development of smart healthcare applications. We have identified that a high percentage of existing works in the literature are proposals (56.81%, n = 25) and theoretical studies (22.73%, n = 10);few implementations (15.91%, n = 7) and prototypes (4.55%, n = 2) exist, due to the limited global deployment of 5G. However, the panorama looks promising based on proposals and future work that these technological systems allow, all based on improving healthcare for people.
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[This paper is part of the Focused Collection on Instructional labs: Improving traditions and new directions.] Participation in undergraduate research experiences (UREs) has been identified as an important way of increasing undergraduate retention, interest, and identity within the sciences. Course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) have been shown to have similar outcomes to UREs but can reach a larger number of students at one time and are accessible to any student simply through enrollment in a course. One key component of a CURE is that students must participate in authentic scientific discovery in which they answer a question where the answer is initially unknown to both students and the scientific community. Here, we present student experiences with authentic research in a large, introductory physics CURE conducted remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic. We use student responses to a closed ended survey question, as well as written responses to an open-ended end-of-course assignment to investigate what aspects of real research students felt that they participated in and the extent to which students felt that they participated in authentic research. Most students in the course felt like they engaged in real-world research during the course and a large number of students highlighted their experience with authentic research when asked to describe their experience in the course more broadly. We discuss which elements of the course may have contributed to the students' experiences of authentic research.
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In this poster, we investigate the impact of online versus in-person summer equity programs. We designed and implemented a summer bridge program from 2020 through 2022 and collected pre- and post-survey data from students to measure the program's impact on students' self-concept, science motivation, growth mindset, help-seeking and concealment attitude, science identity, and sense of belonging. Our research questions are: RQ1: How do students' indicators change from pre-survey to post-survey in the online summer program (2020 and 2021) versus the in-person program (2022) RQ2: What indicators are most impacted (positively or negatively) in an online version of the program These questions will help inform us about how to support students who have started their undergraduate programs during the COVID-19 remote instruction period and whether or not the additional cost of an in-person summer program is justifiable by its impact on students. © 2022 Owner/Author.